英语11单元知识梳理

23. weight n.重量，分量

e.g. The dog‘s weight is 50 pounds. 这只狗的重量是50磅.

e.g. What’s the weight of the apples?这些苹果的重量是多少？

[短语] lose weight 减肥，体重减轻

put on weight 增肥，增重

[联想] weigh v. 称...重量；有...重

He weighs 120 pounds. 他重120磅

[归纳]“动词+-t/-th”可变成相应的名词，常见的词有：high(高的)—height(高度)，wide(宽的)—width(宽度)，deep(深的)—depth(深度)，long(长的)—length(长度)等

24. shoulder n. 肩，肩膀

e.g. If you want to cry,cry on my shoulder.

e.g. I hurt my left shoulder yesterday. 昨天我伤到了我的左肩

[短语]shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；紧挨着

on one’s shoulder (任务)落在某人肩膀上

25. goal n.球门；射门，目标 近义aim n.目标，目的

e.g. My friend has achieved his goal. 我的朋友已实现了他的目标。

[短语]set a goal 确定一个目标 life goal 人生目标；生活目标

26. let...down使失望 相当于disappoint 【动副短语】

I work very hard because I don’t want to let my parents down. =I work very hard because I don’t want to disappoint my parents.

27. kick v. & n. 踢；踹；蹬

e.g. The boy kicked the ball away. 那个男孩把球踢开了.

kick sb. off 开除某人

e.g. Why were you kicked off by the school basketball team? 你为什么被学校的篮球队开除了？

28. be hard on sb 对某人苛刻，对某人要求严厉

e.g. You shouldn’t be so hard on yourself. 你不应该对自己这么苛刻.

29. besides adv. 而且 prep. 除...以外，还

e.g. She is too tired to go, besides, it’s snowing. 她太累了，不能去，而且天还在下雪

【辨析】 besides, except, except for, but

1) besides 除...之外(还有)[整体中加入部分，表一种累加关系]

e.g. Besides milk, we also need vegetables.

2) except 除...之外(还有)[整体中减去部分，表一种排除关系]

e.g. We are all here except/ but Tom.(不包括Tom)

3) except for 除...之外 [对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正作用]

e.g. He is a good man except for his bad temper.除了脾气有点儿差之外，他是个好人。

4) but 除...之外[类似except,常用于no, nothing,anything 之后]

e.g.She could do nothing but cry. 她除了哭，什么都做不了。

30. courage un. 勇气，勇敢

e.g. I have no courage to be a fireman. 我没有勇气当一名消防队员

[短语] lose courage 丧失勇气，灰心

[联想] encourage v.使...鼓起勇气，鼓励

courageous adj.勇敢的，无畏的

31 pull v.拉，拖 反义push v.推

e.g. Please pull the door. Don’t push it.请拉门，不要推门。

[谚语]Do not pull all your eggs in one basket. 别把你所有的鸡蛋都放在一个篮子里

[短语]pull down 拆毁，摧毁

pull together 齐心协力，通力合作

e.g. Let’s pull together to face the challenge. 咱们齐心协力去面对挑战吧。

32. relief n.轻松，解脱

[短语] to one’s relief 使某人放心/ 安心的是

a sense of relief 解脱感 in relief 欣慰地

e.g. He smiled in relief.

e.g. To my relief, they spoke English.

33. nod v.点头 (nodded, nodding)

e.g. She nodded and smiled. 她点点头笑了

[短语] nod off 打盹；打瞌睡 nod to sb 向某人点头

34. agreement n.（意见或看法）一致，同意

in agreement（意见或看法）一致

e.g. The teacher nodded in agreement.

【词缀扩展】-ment是常见的名词后缀，类似的名词还有：development(发展), disappointment(失望),movement(移动), advertisement(广告), excitement (兴奋)， improvement（改善）

35. fault n.过失，缺点 faulty adj. 有缺点的，不完美的

e.g. It’s not my fault. 不是我的错。

e.g. A friend without faults will never be found. 没有十全十美的朋友

36. disappoint v. 使失望

e.g. Your choice may disappoint your teacher. 你的选择可能会让你的老师失望.

[联想]disappointing adj. 使人失望的（常用来修饰“物”）

disappointed adj. 对...失望的的（主语通常是“人”）

disappointment n. 失望

37. offer v. 提供 ；主动提出；自愿给予

1）offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物

【扩展】provide sb with sth. =provide sth. for sb.

e.g.The government offered food to the homeless.

= The government offered the homeless food .

=The government provided food for the homeless.

=The government provided the homeless with food.

2）offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

Jim offered to lend me some books. 吉姆主动提出借给我一些书。

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